Format Overview The four main elements of a scientific paper can be represented by the acronym IMRaD: introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Other sections, along with a suggested length,* are listed in the table below Sample Paper in Scientific Format; Sample Paper in Scientific Format. Biology / The sample paper below has been compressed into the left-hand column on the pages below. In the right-hand column we have included notes explaining how and why the paper is written as it is Oct 03, · Clear scientific writing generally follows a specific format with key sections: an introduction to a particular topic, hypotheses to be tested, a description of methods, key results, and finally, a discussion that ties these results to our broader knowledge of the topic (Day and Gastel ). This general format is inherent in most scientific writing and facilitates the transfer of information
Sample Paper in Scientific Format – Writing Across the Curriculum – UW–Madison
The sample paper below has been compressed into the left-hand column on the pages below. In the right-hand column we have included notes explaining how and why the paper is written as it is.
The title should describe the study. In other words, the title should give the reader a good idea of the purpose of the experiment. Both the common and scientific scientific essay format of the research organism must be included in the title. The zebra finch Poephila guttata is a sexually dimorphic, social estrildid native to the grasslands of Australia.
They are opportunistic, year-round breeders which nest in colonies of variable scientific essay format. Zebra finches form permanent pair bonds and both sexes share the responsibilities of nest building, incubation and rearing of scientific essay format Walter, Morrishowever, reported that although both sexes pick up and nibble on fragments of material, males collect most of the nesting material.
The scientific name of the research organism must be stated the first time the organism is mentioned in any of the sections. Thereafter, within each section, either the common name or the abbreviated scientific name can be used. Studies on the effects of colored plastic leg bands on pair formation show that male zebra finches spend more time sitting next to females wearing black or pink leg bands than females wearing light blue leg bands. The same studies indicate that females spend more time sitting next to males wearing red leg bands than males wearing light green bands.
In both male and scientific essay format, orange leg bands which are similar to natural leg color proved scientific essay format be of intermediate preference Burley, and The first paragraphs of the introduction provide background information from preliminary or other published studies.
This is used to develop the hypothesis or purpose of the experiment and to provide the rationale or reason for conducting the experiment, scientific essay format. The purpose scientific essay format this study was to test whether or not this preference for certain colors of leg bands generalizes to preference for certain colors of nesting material.
It was hypothesized that zebra finches would collect more red or black material than light green, with collection of orange being intermediate. This paragraph specifically states the purpose of the experiment. It also states the hypothesis the author developed based on background reading and observations. The zebra finches used in this study were in three colonies in the lab of Dr. Baylis at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Each colony contained between thirty and forty individual birds of both sexes, a variety scientific essay format ages and several plumage types. All animals wore colored leg bands for individual identification and all had been exposed to grass, green embroidery floss and white dog fur as nesting material previous to this study. The colonies were housed in separate rooms, each approximately 17m3 and each contained eight artificial nest boxes.
All behavioral observations were made from outside the colony rooms through one-way mirrors. Specific examples about the organisms are included, e. number of organisms, sexes, ages, and morphology. Previous exposure to colored nest material is described. How organisms were housed, including specific dimensions of cages, etc.
and the physical conditions of light and temperature, is also included. Red, black, orange and light green DMC four-ply cotton embroidery floss was cut into 2. During each trial, twenty-five pieces of each color were separated and spread out over the floor of the colony.
After the birds had been exposed to the material for a total of two hours, any remaining strands of floss on the floor were collected, scientific essay format. The number of strands of each color was counted. It was assumed all other strands not on the floor had been scientific essay format in nest construction.
Data from the three colonies were pooled and an X 2 goodness-of-fit test was used to determine whether the number scientific essay format strands of each scientific essay format used in nest construction different from an expected ratio of which would indicate no preference. Description of methods includes assumptions made and type of analysis to be performed on the data, scientific essay format.
More green material was removed by the finches than red, more red than black and more black than orange. The author interprets the data for the reader in text form. The results from these experiments suggest that zebra finches do in fact have color preferences with regard to nesting material. These results are similar to those of Collias and Collias who showed that weaver birds preferred green nesting material. Results are compared to those from other studies.
It is possible that zebra finches prefer green material to red, black and orange because green is more similar to the color of the grasses commonly used as nesting material in their natural environment. This interpretation, however, does not explain the preference for red and black materials over orange.
Alternatively, scientific essay format, it is possible that the strong preference shown for green material may be a result of imprinting on the color of the nests scientific essay format grew up in, scientific essay format. It has been shown, for example, that parental plumage color has a strong effect on mate selection in male but not female zebra finches Walter, All of the birds used in this study have been exposed to grass, green embroidery floss and white dog fur in nests.
If as suggested by Morris males collect most of the nesting material, imprinting could have a strong effect on the numbers of colored strands collected in this study.
This hypothesis could be tested by raising zebra finches in nests containing different colors of nesting materials and testing them in adulthood for preference in nest material color. When setting up this experiment, it was noted that zebra finches seem particularly apprehensive about new objects placed in the colony, scientific essay format.
It is also possible, therefore, that the preference for green nest material was simply due to its familiarity. Alternative hypotheses are also provided, and evidence from literature is given in support of the alternate hypothesis.
Burley, scientific essay format, N. Science All references cited in the body of the paper are scientific essay format alphabetically by last name of the first author.
Only references cited in the body of the paper are listed here, scientific essay format. See the Introductory Biology manual for complete information on how to reference supporting literature both in the body of the paper and in the reference list. U niversity of W isconsin —Madison.
Color Preferences for Nesting Material in the Zebra Finch Poephila guttata The title should describe the study. METHODS The zebra finches used in this study were in three colonies in the lab of Dr, scientific essay format. The methods begin by indicating where the research organisms were obtained. The types of test materials used are described in detail, as are the methods.
RESULTS More green material was removed by the finches than red, more red scientific essay format black and more black than scientific essay format. Limitations to the proposed hypotheses are also provided. Future studies are proposed to help further knowledge in the area. Additional references deleted for brevity. Previous post: Writing an Introduction for a Scientific Paper.
Next post: Designing Activities and Assignments to Discourage Plagiarism. Color Preferences for Nesting Material in the Zebra Finch Poephila guttata.
Academic Essay Basics - Intro/Body/Conclusion
, time: 6:48Complete Guide: How to Write a Scientific Essay | BestWritingClues
May 24, · How to Write a Scientific Essay. When writing any essay it’s important to always keep the end goal in mind. You want to produce a document that is detailed, factual, about the subject matter and most importantly to the point. Writing scientific essays will always be slightly different to when you write an essay for say English Literature. You need to be more analytical and precise when answering Estimated Reading Time: 2 mins Oct 03, · Clear scientific writing generally follows a specific format with key sections: an introduction to a particular topic, hypotheses to be tested, a description of methods, key results, and finally, a discussion that ties these results to our broader knowledge of the topic (Day and Gastel ). This general format is inherent in most scientific writing and facilitates the transfer of information Format Overview The four main elements of a scientific paper can be represented by the acronym IMRaD: introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Other sections, along with a suggested length,* are listed in the table below
No comments:
Post a Comment